GERD

1. What is the pathogenesis of GERD?
2. What are the features of Barrett’s Esophagus?
3. T/F: GERD in children is due to underdeveloped LOS and often resolves w/m 1-2 years
4. What are the non-pharmacological ways to reduce GERD symptoms?
5. List the diagnostic tests used for GERD
6. Choose all true statements:

a. Antacids increase gastric pH and LES tone
b. Antacids provide fast symptom relief as well as relieve nocturnal symptoms
c. Antacids are very effective in esophageal healing
d. Antacids are effective in esophagitis characterized by strictures and ulcers

    7.      Choose all true statements:

1. PPIs provide long lasting acid suppression and therefore are good for nocturnal symptoms in GERD.
2. PPIs provide esophageal healing and one 8 week course of therapy is sufficient in treatment of GERD.
3. PPIs are not significantly better than H2RAs in GERD

    8. Choose all true statements:

1. H2 antagonists are effective for symptom relief 

2. H2 antagonists are less effective than PPIs in symptom relief and  esophageal healing. 

3. All H2 antagonists require dose adjustment for renal impairment

      9. What are the side effects of metoclopramide?

     10. What is the most effective therapy for GERD?

STRESS ULCERS

1. Describe the pathophysiology of acute stress ulcers. 
2. What are the risk factors for developing acute stress ulcers?
3. Choose all that are true when comparing stress and nonstress ulcers:
1. Stress ulcers are solitary, while there are usually several nonstress ulcers present at the same time
2. Both stress and nonstress ulcers are symptomatic and show the signs of chronic inflammation.
4. What are the clinical manifestations of overt gastric-stress bleeding?
5. List current prophylaxis strategies for stress ulcers

DILD

1. Choose all that are true
1. DILD is less common in children compared to adults
2. Drugs are implicated in 43% of hospital admissions for “acute hepatitis” in patients over 50 years of age
3. Excessive ethanol use can predispose patients to DILD
4. Pts with previous history of severe hepatic injury are at a higher risk for developing of DILD
5. Malnourished pts are at the higher risk for acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
2. List the enzymes used to detect hepatocellular necrosis.
3. What are the types of DILD?
4. Which enzyme is exclusively produced by the liver?
5. When could one consider a rechallenge with a therapeutic agent that has previously caused liver toxicity?

PUD

1. What are the effects of smoking in developing peptic ulcer disease?
2. What are the side effects of H2RA’s?
3.  Which drugs can be used in pregnancy?
4. Which drugs are effective in preventing and healing of PUD?
5. What class of drugs could theoretically be associated with the development of gastric carcinoma?
6. List equivalent therapeutic doses of PPIs
7. What are the mechanisms of action of cytoprotectives ?
8. What are some examples of cytoprotective agents?
9. T/F.  All patients infected with H. pylori should be treated with antibiotic therapy in order to prevent  PUD?
10. T/F Patients with GERD and infected with H. pylori should be treated with antibiotics?
11. Give examples of antibiotic regimens for eradication of H. pylori.
12. What are strategies to treat patients who have failed first-line eradication therapy?

Click HERE to see the ANSWERS